Maven导入本地jar包

我们知道,Maven 是通过仓库对依赖进行管理的,当 Maven 项目需要某个依赖时,只要其 POM 中声明了依赖的坐标信息,Maven 就会自动从仓库中去下载该构件使用。但在实际的开发过程中,经常会遇到一种情况:某一个项目需要依赖于存储在本地的某个 jar 包,该 jar 包无法从任何仓库中下载的,这种依赖被称为外部依赖或本地依赖。那么这种依赖是如何声明的呢?

下面我们通过一个实例实例来介绍如何导入本地 jar 包。

1. 打开命令行窗口,跳转到 D:\maven 目录下,执行以下 mvn 命令,创建一个名为 secondMaven 的项目。

  • ​mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=net.jhelp.www -DartifactId=secondMaven -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart -DinteractiveMode=false

2. 更新 secondMaven 中 App 类的代码如下。

  1. package net.jhelp.www;
  2. import net.jhelp.www.Util;;
  3. public class App {
  4. public static void main(String[] args) {
  5. Util.printMessage("secondMaven");
  6. }
  7. }

由以上代码可以看出,secondMaven 中的 App 类需要使用 helloMaven 中独有的 Util 类,即 secondMaven 需要依赖于 helloMaven。

3. 跳转到 helloMaven 所在的目录,执行以下 mvn 命令, 将该项目打包成 jar 文件。

  • mvn clean package

命令执行执行结果如下。

  • [INFO] Scanning for projects...
  • [INFO]​
  • [INFO] --------------------< net.jhelp.www:helloMaven >--------------------
  • [INFO] Building helloMaven 1.0-SNAPSHOT
  • [INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
  • [INFO]
  • [INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ helloMaven ---
  • [INFO] Deleting d:\maven\helloMaven\target
  • [INFO]
  • [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ helloMaven ---
  • [WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
  • [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory d:\maven\helloMaven\src\main\resources
  • [INFO]
  • [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ helloMaven ---
  • [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
  • [WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. build is platform dependent!
  • [INFO] Compiling 2 source files to d:\maven\helloMaven\target\classes
  • [INFO]
  • [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ helloMaven ---
  • [WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
  • [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory d:\maven\helloMaven\src\test\resources
  • [INFO]
  • [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ helloMaven ---
  • [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
  • [WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. build is platform dependent!
  • [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to d:\maven\helloMaven\target\test-classes
  • [INFO]
  • [INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ helloMaven ---
  • [INFO] Surefire report directory: d:\maven\helloMaven\target\surefire-reports
  • -------------------------------------------------------
  • T E S T S
  • -------------------------------------------------------
  • Running net.jhelp.www.AppTest
  • Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.016 sec
  • Results :
  • Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
  • [INFO]
  • [INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ helloMaven ---
  • [INFO] Building jar: d:\maven\helloMaven\target\helloMaven-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
  • [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  • [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
  • [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  • [INFO] Total time: 1.940 s
  • [INFO] Finished at: 2021-03-03T13:27:34+08:00
  • [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. 命令执行完成后,进入 D:\maven\helloMaven\target 目录,可以看到 Maven 已经将 helloMaven 项目打包成 helloMaven-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar。

外部依赖打包结果

图1: helloMaven 打包结果

5. 修改 secondMaven 中 pom.xml 的配置如下。

  1. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  2. xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  3. <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  4. <groupId>net.jhelp.www</groupId>
  5. <artifactId>secondMaven</artifactId>
  6. <packaging>jar</packaging>
  7. <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  8. <name>secondMaven</name>
  9. <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  10. <dependencies>
  11. <dependency>
  12. <groupId>junit</groupId>
  13. <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
  14. <version>3.8.1</version>
  15. <scope>test</scope>
  16. </dependency>
  17. <!--外部依赖-->
  18. <dependency>
  19. <groupId>net.jhelp.www</groupId>
  20. <artifactId>helloMaven</artifactId>
  21. <!--依赖范围-->
  22. <scope>system</scope>
  23. <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  24. <!--依赖所在位置-->
  25. <systemPath>D:\maven\helloMaven\target\helloMaven-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar</systemPath>
  26. </dependency>
  27. </dependencies>
  28. </project>

在以上配置中,除了依赖的坐标信息外,外部依赖还使用了 scope 和 systemPath 两个元素。

  • scope 表示依赖范围,这里取值必须是 system,即系统。
  • systemPath 表示依赖的本地构件的位置。

6. 打开命令行窗口,跳转到 secondMaven 所在目录,执行以下 mvn 命令,进行编译。

  • mvn clean compile

命令执行结果如下。

  • [WARNING]
  • [WARNING] Some problems were encountered while building the effective model for net.jhelp.www:secondMaven:jar:1.0-SNAPSHOT
  • [WARNING] 'dependencies.dependency.systemPath' for net.jhelp.www:helloMaven:jar should use a variable instead of a hard-coded path D:\maven\helloMaven\target\helloMaven-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar @ line 23, column 16
  • [WARNING]
  • [WARNING] It is highly recommended to fix these problems because they threaten the stability of your build.
  • [WARNING]
  • [WARNING] For this reason, future Maven versions might no longer support building such malformed projects.
  • [WARNING]
  • [INFO]
  • [INFO] -------------------< net.jhelp.www:secondMaven >--------------------
  • [INFO] Building secondMaven 1.0-SNAPSHOT
  • [INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
  • [INFO]
  • [INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ secondMaven ---
  • [INFO] Deleting d:\maven\secondMaven\target
  • [INFO]
  • [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ secondMaven ---
  • [WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
  • [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory d:\maven\secondMaven\src\main\resources
  • [INFO]
  • [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ secondMaven ---
  • [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
  • [WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. build is platform dependent!
  • [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to d:\maven\secondMaven\target\classes
  • [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  • [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
  • [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  • [INFO] Total time: 1.030 s
  • [INFO] Finished at: 2021-03-03T14:05:00+08:00
  • [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

7. 编译完成后,执行以下命令,设置临时环境变量。

  • set classpath=%classpath%;D:\maven\helloMaven\target\helloMaven-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar

8. 执行以下 Java 命令。

  • java net.biancheng.www.App

9. 结果如下图。

图2:执行结果

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