我们知道,Maven 是通过仓库对依赖进行管理的,当 Maven 项目需要某个依赖时,只要其 POM 中声明了依赖的坐标信息,Maven 就会自动从仓库中去下载该构件使用。但在实际的开发过程中,经常会遇到一种情况:某一个项目需要依赖于存储在本地的某个 jar 包,该 jar 包无法从任何仓库中下载的,这种依赖被称为外部依赖或本地依赖。那么这种依赖是如何声明的呢?
下面我们通过一个实例实例来介绍如何导入本地 jar 包。
1. 打开命令行窗口,跳转到 D:\maven 目录下,执行以下 mvn 命令,创建一个名为 secondMaven 的项目。
- mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=net.jhelp.www -DartifactId=secondMaven -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart -DinteractiveMode=false
2. 更新 secondMaven 中 App 类的代码如下。
- package net.jhelp.www;
- import net.jhelp.www.Util;;
- public class App {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- Util.printMessage("secondMaven");
- }
- }
由以上代码可以看出,secondMaven 中的 App 类需要使用 helloMaven 中独有的 Util 类,即 secondMaven 需要依赖于 helloMaven。
3. 跳转到 helloMaven 所在的目录,执行以下 mvn 命令, 将该项目打包成 jar 文件。
命令执行执行结果如下。
- [INFO] Scanning for projects...
- [INFO]
- [INFO] --------------------< net.jhelp.www:helloMaven >--------------------
- [INFO] Building helloMaven 1.0-SNAPSHOT
- [INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
- [INFO]
- [INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ helloMaven ---
- [INFO] Deleting d:\maven\helloMaven\target
- [INFO]
- [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ helloMaven ---
- [WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
- [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory d:\maven\helloMaven\src\main\resources
- [INFO]
- [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ helloMaven ---
- [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
- [WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. build is platform dependent!
- [INFO] Compiling 2 source files to d:\maven\helloMaven\target\classes
- [INFO]
- [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ helloMaven ---
- [WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
- [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory d:\maven\helloMaven\src\test\resources
- [INFO]
- [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ helloMaven ---
- [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
- [WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. build is platform dependent!
- [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to d:\maven\helloMaven\target\test-classes
- [INFO]
- [INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ helloMaven ---
- [INFO] Surefire report directory: d:\maven\helloMaven\target\surefire-reports
- -------------------------------------------------------
- T E S T S
- -------------------------------------------------------
- Running net.jhelp.www.AppTest
- Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.016 sec
- Results :
- Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
- [INFO]
- [INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ helloMaven ---
- [INFO] Building jar: d:\maven\helloMaven\target\helloMaven-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
- [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
- [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
- [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
- [INFO] Total time: 1.940 s
- [INFO] Finished at: 2021-03-03T13:27:34+08:00
- [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. 命令执行完成后,进入 D:\maven\helloMaven\target 目录,可以看到 Maven 已经将 helloMaven 项目打包成 helloMaven-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar。
图1: helloMaven 打包结果
5. 修改 secondMaven 中 pom.xml 的配置如下。
- <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
- <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
- <groupId>net.jhelp.www</groupId>
- <artifactId>secondMaven</artifactId>
- <packaging>jar</packaging>
- <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
- <name>secondMaven</name>
- <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
- <dependencies>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>junit</groupId>
- <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
- <version>3.8.1</version>
- <scope>test</scope>
- </dependency>
-
- <dependency>
- <groupId>net.jhelp.www</groupId>
- <artifactId>helloMaven</artifactId>
-
- <scope>system</scope>
- <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-
- <systemPath>D:\maven\helloMaven\target\helloMaven-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar</systemPath>
- </dependency>
- </dependencies>
- </project>
在以上配置中,除了依赖的坐标信息外,外部依赖还使用了 scope 和 systemPath 两个元素。
- scope 表示依赖范围,这里取值必须是 system,即系统。
- systemPath 表示依赖的本地构件的位置。
6. 打开命令行窗口,跳转到 secondMaven 所在目录,执行以下 mvn 命令,进行编译。
命令执行结果如下。
- [WARNING]
- [WARNING] Some problems were encountered while building the effective model for net.jhelp.www:secondMaven:jar:1.0-SNAPSHOT
- [WARNING] 'dependencies.dependency.systemPath' for net.jhelp.www:helloMaven:jar should use a variable instead of a hard-coded path D:\maven\helloMaven\target\helloMaven-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar @ line 23, column 16
- [WARNING]
- [WARNING] It is highly recommended to fix these problems because they threaten the stability of your build.
- [WARNING]
- [WARNING] For this reason, future Maven versions might no longer support building such malformed projects.
- [WARNING]
- [INFO]
- [INFO] -------------------< net.jhelp.www:secondMaven >--------------------
- [INFO] Building secondMaven 1.0-SNAPSHOT
- [INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
- [INFO]
- [INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ secondMaven ---
- [INFO] Deleting d:\maven\secondMaven\target
- [INFO]
- [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ secondMaven ---
- [WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
- [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory d:\maven\secondMaven\src\main\resources
- [INFO]
- [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ secondMaven ---
- [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
- [WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. build is platform dependent!
- [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to d:\maven\secondMaven\target\classes
- [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
- [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
- [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
- [INFO] Total time: 1.030 s
- [INFO] Finished at: 2021-03-03T14:05:00+08:00
- [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. 编译完成后,执行以下命令,设置临时环境变量。
- set classpath=%classpath%;D:\maven\helloMaven\target\helloMaven-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
8. 执行以下 Java 命令。
- java net.biancheng.www.App
9. 结果如下图。
图2:执行结果